Talking about gender, can not be separated from the history and anthropology and sociology studies society. The development of gender theory keeps popping up and taken over by the study of gender psychology that examines psychological aspects that are affected by the gender differences, the approach is as diverse as the biological approach, anthropology, sociology, and kepercaaan role.Gender Similarities and Differences:Personality characteristics and behaviors that are proven to show gender differences:a. Aggressivenessb. ConfidenceAspects that show little difference Gender:
• Activities
• Anxiety
• Influencing
• Empathy
* Aspect Sosiability not proven to show a difference Gender.
* Too focused on the difference between "Gender Dangerous" we will begin to think that men and women have different personalities comprehensive.
* Although there are some differences, the more impressive is the equation.
* It is important to remember that gender equality may be more of a "Rule" rather than gender differences
VARIOUS TERMS
• SEX: the term to refer to the biological attributes that make a person is male or female.
• GENDER: psychological distinction encompassing understanding of the nature / characteristics of womanhood and manhood (femininity and masculinity)
• GENDER ROLES: roles, the basic pattern for the act which has been determined by the socio-cultural environment in which a person is, according to sex, often are stereotyped.
• IDENTITY TYPE: a personal appreciation of the role of gender.
• Typing SEX: Instructions on quality, activity and behavior are different for men and women in the process of socialization to the role as an adult.
• SEX stereotyping: Promotion or expression of belief or confidence that usually appears on gender differences, an expectation relating to the behavior of men / women. Is rigid, not mempertimbagkan circumstances, restrict, regulate, dictate.
• MYTH: The expression legend / folklore that represent a certain portion of the public trust or which attempt to explain the customs / beliefs / natural phenomena. - A belief that support the habit - a habit that supports the beliefs of certain groups and accepted by members of the group without criticism.
• ARCHETYPAL: For example, the original model is the archetype for subsequent forms.
MYTHS ABOUT WOMEN
Woman as mother nature
• Women equated with nature, creatures who can be known but can not be entirely controlled.
• Women = mother of gods and men, united by nature has united with the moon.
• The views of male: female scary because as nature can not always be understood / controlled nature can not always be understood / controlled women.Woman as enchantress - seductress
• Women = seductive, femininity used to obtain what is expected. Behind the strength of men, no women.
• Men can not master the impulse in him, there is no choice but to give up on her.
• Motivation women: to get what he wants by using the 'feminine' as a weapon to 'drop' him or 'release' his manhood and 'being' like a woman.Women as Necessary Evil
• Women = inferior, unimportant, just need to continue the descent. Actually not required, but must be accepted.
• It is not allowed to interfere in the matter man.
• Hesiod (8th century BC Greek story) about Pandora's Box.
• Characteristics of women: not to be trusted, artisan gossip, no reason, to bring harm to the men but need to offspring.Women as mystery
• Women = mysterious
• Thoughts, behavior, and the whole existence can not be understood by philosophers, scientists, or a grown man.
• Simone de Beauvoir: beneficial because:
• Men are easy to characterize the properties of a woman into something incomprehensible (all thrown in women).
• Men can protect yourself against things that are less fun himself.
• men who can work, assess and explain the reality (reason).
VICTORIA DAY
Piety (holy, holy) Women are expected to be prominent values, moral role models.Purity (net) Virginity. Even thought women had no / little sexual drive.Submissive (yielding, submissive to men)
• The view that this is a good attitude, always repeated again at the time of reading it.
• There is a physical difference: her delicate, fragile.
• Different types of brain: 'overexercise' the female brain may be caused health problems.Domestic
• Wife - a good mother, should only take care of the household, caregiver functions, nurses, solace to husbandThe consequences of good and virtuous woman
• He placed specifically in social life with strict rules of conduct / stiff. Women did not have its own power, the freedom to act small.
• He was too weak and nice to participate in a man's world.
WOMAN ON THE ASSUMPTION THAT MAY ARISE:
• Women are more bik live in rural
• The flow of feminism / non conform Want to equality and freedom condescending / violated her femininity.StereotypeThe wise woman = feminine woman
CHARACTERISTICS
• Wife: loyal, submissive, faithful
• Mother: dedication, compassion
• Housewife: diligent, hard working, competent
• Members of the public: a high moral values of religion
• Although the views on women differ from time to time, but still trying to determine the place (position, social roles) 'may'. This also determines the difference with men and their status relative to men.
ARCHETYPAL(Griselda in the Canterbury tales)Ideal Wife:
• Comply with husband
• Succumbing / demeaning
• Happy / Happy 'serve' husband
• Middle Ages: romantic love.
• There is a tendency to give the feel of a romantic nature in women. Ladies 'sacred' inspirational in men (manly, brave, etc.).
Stereotypes PSYCHOLOGY WOMEN
Look at the history, the conversation about gender has been started since the 1900s, there were attempts to study women more naturally. Research on the topic:
• difference in the form of the male brain and female
• Hypothesis diversity
• instinct parenting / motherhoodBrain Differences Shape Men and Women
• Researched by neurologist: different size and shape of the brain, to explain differences in achievement and personality.
• 1926: Porteus and Babcock: connect the brain and power. Male brain is more to power, making it more powerful, capable, able to perform.
• The results do not support further research there are differences in certain respects.Diversity Hypothesis
• Men range is larger, occupying the extreme in everything, including IQ. Women more to the central (mean, median, mode).
• more Men of genius, but that is not seen mentally retarded.
• Further studies reject it.Instincts Parenting / MotherhoodAssumptions:
• parenting behavior in women is innate biological determinant equal to females.
• nurturing instinct in men only abstract and aims to protect the weak and dependent only, women are more clear and concrete nature of nurture.Instinct ...1920: behavioral parenting / maternal instincts flow rebuffed by behaviorism, which emphasized that all behavior is learned. Men and women can learn these behaviors.
THEORY CARL JUNG
• In human beings (women and men) that intact, there are two principles / aspects, LOGOS and EROS (= quality of humanity that is universal)
• Logos: the masculine principle
• Logos: the masculine principle-oriented 'agentic' (achievement), dg ratio traits, thinking, logic, giving shape, stacking order, develop competence.
• Eros: the feminine principle within the personality-oriented 'communal' (maintaining interpersonal relationships) dg parenting characteristics, give love, affection, sensitivity, emotions, sociability.The two principles are needed somebody to interpersonal relationships and self-development. When the masculine aspects of women's development, he will be more understand the state of men, and vice versa. The only difference lies in how each individual is responsible for his personal and certainly the experiences of his life. Mean gender equality is not impossible to achieve in life.
